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Compare Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2004) - Niger (2002)
Compare Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2004) z Niger (2002)
| Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2004) | Niger (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | - | 7 departments (departements, singular - departement) and 1 capital district* (capitale district); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder |
| Age structure | - | 0-14 years: 47.9% (male 2,594,932; female 2,503,867)
15-64 years: 49.8% (male 2,594,307; female 2,706,164) 65 years and over: 2.3% (male 125,898; female 114,576) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | - | cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (tapioca), rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry |
| Airports | - | 26 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total: 9
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 under 914 m: 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total: 18
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 14 under 914 m: 2 (2002) |
| Area | total: 412 sq km
land: 412 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 1.267 million sq km
land: 1,266,700 sq km water: 300 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC | slightly less than twice the size of Texas |
| Background | These uninhabited, barren, sub-Antarctic islands were transferred from the UK to Australia in 1947. Populated by large numbers of seal and bird species, the islands have been designated a nature preserve. | Not until 1993, 35 years after independence from France, did Niger hold its first free and open elections. A 1995 peace accord ended a five-year Tuareg insurgency in the north. Coups in 1996 and 1999 were followed by the creation of a National Reconciliation Council that effected a transition to civilian rule by December 1999. |
| Birth rate | - | 49.95 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | - | revenues: $320 million, including $134 million from foreign sources
expenditures: $320 million, including capital expenditures of $178 million (2002 est.) |
| Capital | - | Niamey |
| Climate | antarctic | desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south |
| Coastline | 101.9 km | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Constitution | - | the constitution of January 1993 was revised by national referendum on 12 May 1996 and again by referendum on 18 July 1999 |
| Country name | conventional long form: Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands
conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands |
conventional long form: Republic of Niger
conventional short form: Niger local long form: Republique du Niger local short form: Niger |
| Currency | - | Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States |
| Death rate | - | 22.25 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | - | $1.6 billion (1999 est.) |
| Dependency status | territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Antarctic Division of the Department of the Environment and Heritage | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (territory of Australia) | chief of mission: Ambassador Gail Dennise Thomas MATHIEU
embassy: Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey mailing address: B. P. 11201, Niamey telephone: [227] 72 26 61 through 72 26 64 FAX: [227] 73 31 67, 72-31-46 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (territory of Australia) | chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph DIATTA
chancery: 2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 483-4224 through 4227 FAX: [1] (202)483-3169 |
| Disputes - international | none | Niger and Benin have refered to the ICJ the dispute over l'Ete and 14 smaller islands in the Niger River, which has never been delimited; the Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint remains undemarcated; Lake Chad Basin Commission urges signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over lake region, the site of continuing armed clashes; Libya claims about 19,400 sq km in northern Niger in a currently dormant dispute |
| Economic aid - recipient | - | $341 million (1997)
note: the IMF approved a $73 million poverty reduction and growth facility for Niger in 2000 and announced $115 million in debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative (1997) |
| Economy - overview | No indigenous economic activity, but the Australian Government allows limited fishing around the islands. | Niger is a poor, landlocked Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, reexport trade, and increasingly less on uranium, because of declining world demand. The 50% devaluation of the West African franc in January 1994 boosted exports of livestock, cowpeas, onions, and the products of Niger's small cotton industry. The government relies on bilateral and multilateral aid - which was suspended following the April 1999 coup d'etat - for operating expenses and public investment. In 2000-01, the World Bank approved a structural adjustment loan of $105 million to help support fiscal reforms. However, reforms could prove difficult given the government's bleak financial situation. The IMF approved a $73 million poverty reduction and growth facility for Niger in 2000 and announced $115 million in debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. |
| Electricity - consumption | - | 404.6 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 200 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | - | 220 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mawson Peak, on Big Ben 2,745 m |
lowest point: Niger River 200 m
highest point: Mont Bagzane 2,022 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea |
| Ethnic groups | - | Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200 French expatriates |
| Exchange rates | - | Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro |
| Executive branch | - | chief of state: President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Prime Minister Hama AMADOU (since 31 December 1999) was appointed by the president and shares some executive responsibilities with the president cabinet: 23-member Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Mamadou TANDJA elected president; percent of vote - Mamadou TANDJA 59.9%, Mahamadou ISSOUFOU 40.1% |
| Exports | - | $246 million f.o.b. (2001 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | - | uranium ore 65%, livestock products, cowpeas, onions (1998 est.) |
| Exports - partners | - | France 43.4%, Nigeria 35.0%, Spain 4.5%, US 3.9% (2000) |
| Fiscal year | - | calendar year |
| Flag description | the flag of Australia is used | three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk (representing the sun) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $8.4 billion (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | - | agriculture: 41%
industry: 17% services: 42% (2000) |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $820 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | - | 3.1% (2001 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 53 06 S, 72 31 E | 16 00 N, 8 00 E |
| Geography - note | - | landlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world: northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna, suitable for livestock and limited agriculture |
| Highways | - | total: 10,100 km
paved: 798 km unpaved: 9,302 km (1996) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | - | lowest 10%: 1%
highest 10%: 35% (1995) (1995) |
| Imports | - | $331 million f.o.b. (2001 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | - | consumer goods, primary materials, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals |
| Imports - partners | - | France 16.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 13.4%, US 9.6%, Nigeria 7.6% (2000) |
| Independence | - | 3 August 1960 (from France) |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | NA% |
| Industries | - | uranium mining, cement, brick, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses |
| Infant mortality rate | - | 122.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | - | 4.2% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | - | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 1 (2002) |
| Irrigated land | 0 sq km (1998 est.) | 660 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | - | State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel |
| Labor force | - | 70,000 receive regular wages or salaries |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4% |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | total: 5,697 km
border countries: Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001) |
arable land: 3.94%
permanent crops: 0% other: 96.06% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | - | French (official), Hausa, Djerma |
| Legal system | the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply | based on French civil law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | - | unicameral National Assembly (83 seats, members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)
elections: last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNSD-Nassara 38, CDS-Rahama 17, PNDS-Tarayya 16, RDP-Jama'a 8, ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya 4 |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population: 41.91 years
male: 42.04 years female: 41.77 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | - | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 15.3% male: 21.2% female: 9.4% (2002) |
| Location | islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica | Western Africa, southeast of Algeria |
| Map references | Antarctic Region | Africa |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm |
none (landlocked) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of Australia; Australia conducts fisheries patrols | - |
| Military branches | - | Army, Air Force, Gendarmerie, National Intervention and Security Force |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $20.9 million (FY01) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 1.3% (FY01) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49: 2,270,793 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49: 1,227,994 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | - | 18 years of age (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males: 108,993 (2002 est.) |
| National holiday | - | Republic Day, 18 December (1958) |
| Nationality | - | noun: Nigerien(s)
adjective: Nigerien |
| Natural hazards | Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island | recurring droughts |
| Natural resources | fish | uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, petroleum |
| Net migration rate | - | -0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | - | Democratic Rally of the People-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Mamadou TANDJA, chairman]; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni Adamou DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism-Tarayya or PNDS-Tarayya [Mahamadou ISSOUFOU]; Union of Democratic Patriots and Progressives-Chamoua or UPDP-Chamoua [Professor Andre' SALIFOU, chairman] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | - | NA |
| Population | uninhabited (July 2004 est.) | 10,639,744 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | - | 63% (1993 est.) |
| Population growth rate | - | 2.7% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | none; offshore anchorage only | none |
| Radio broadcast stations | - | AM 5, FM 6, shortwave 4 (2001) |
| Radios | - | 680,000 (1997) |
| Railways | - | 0 km (2002) |
| Religions | - | Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christian |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.1 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | - | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | - | general assessment: small system of wire, radio telephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area of Niger
domestic: wire, radiotelephone communications, and microwave radio relay; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | - | 20,000 (2001) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | - | 6,700 (2002) |
| Television broadcast stations | - | 3 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (2002) |
| Terrain | Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak); McDonald Islands - small and rocky | predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north |
| Total fertility rate | - | 7 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | - | NA% |
| Waterways | - | 300 km
note: the Niger River is navigable from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin frontier from mid-December through March |
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